General characteristic
London - capital of the United Kingdom of the Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the greatest city on British isles. Located for to Thames for 64 km from its mouth. London - one of the greatest ports of Britain and the main industrial centre of the country. The city area makes 1560 sq. km. The population almost 7 million persons. London will play the leading part in a political and cultural life of the Great Britain. In it there is a parliament, the government and justice higher bodies. As the cultural centre London has got popularity thanks to the museums and art galleries, theatres and a musical life. A city known also numerous ancient церквами in which national relics remain. London always differed active participation in the international affairs. Being once capital of British Empire, he will play till now the important role as the Commonwealth centre. London - a cell of the international business life and knot of the international airlines.
The city is based римлянинами in 43 н. є. On a place of the Celtic settlement on northern coast of of Thames and on an extent 400 years there are more was the main Roman city "- Лондініумом (Londіnіum) - on island Britain. With a withdrawal римля, н in V item н. є. London has fallen into decay. After a Norman gain in 1066 London becomes residence of kings and official capital of England and starts to grow rich and develop quickly the Push to the accelerated building of a city there was a Big fire 1666 p., when has completely burnt down 4/5 London houses. After a fire the city has started to be built up three - and four-storeyed stone houses. The plan of regular building was developed by architect K.Ren, but in a reality under the plan there were some houses constructed only, including St. Paul's Cathedral. Since 1707 London - capital of the Great Britain, and then and the United Kingdom the Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
The Greater London which consists of City and surrounding 32 big city administrative areas (боро), occupies a considerable part of lowland between ridges Чілтерн-Хілс and North Downs. London is provided with water from Thames, from its northern inflow of of L і, and also from cretaceous водоносных the horizons located on the south from Thames. Last years thanks to perfection of system of clarification of sewer drains of pollution of Thames has decreased. The central part of London located at small height, затапливается flooding during very high inflows. For protection against them the obstacle through Thames more low міста, near Вуліджа, and the constructed quays in the central part of London has been constructed. The London hollow is less humidified, than other areas of the Great Britain. The average annual quantity of deposits here is only a little higher of 500 mm. Cloudy weather however prevails, and deposits drop out half of days in a year. Average temperature of July close +17 °С. The summer in London is warmer, than in other Britain, but hot weather happens infrequently and seldom keeps long. In average only 10 days in a year the temperature exceeds +26 °С. Winters rather cold, frosts on грунті happen about 100 days in a year. However at least 50 days in a year temperature happen the lowest for 0 °С, and average temperatures of January (in найхолодніший month) make +4 °С. Thames in London never froze since 1814 the Configuration of the London hollow assists frequent formation of fogs during a winter season. In the past they were supplemented with a smoke from chimneys, causing a smog, but dense yellow fogs traditional for London have disappeared thanks to sharp reduction of use of coal for heating of houses.
The London region has the highest on British isles density of the population. In to City lives no more 10 thousand inhabitants (their number considerably increases every day at the expense of those who comes for work on suburb), and in the Greater London - about 7 million inhabitants, in the London city agglomeration - about 11 million, and in region P_vdsnno-Sh_dnomu where London dominates, - about 17 million Population of the Greater London is constantly reduced, especially in the central city areas constructed till 1914 inflow молодежи*из other areas of the country which are involved with possibility to make career, and also immigrants Lasts. Youth London родини, on the contrary, aspire to leave in new cities and the suburbs located outside of "a green belt". There those who moves from other areas of the United Kingdom itself settle. Throughout last century representatives have found in London the diverse of nationalities a shelter. The greatest and most ancient group of immigrants are Irish. Jews, basically from the Eastern Europe, have started to lodge in a city in the end of XІ the item Later there were other Europeans, вчастности, from the countries середземноморського pool, and also Chineses and австралійці. From 1950 beginnings х years the greatest behind number contingents of immigrants have started to arrive from West Indies and India. At first some ethnic groups compactly occupied certain quarters, however in due course started to be settled on all city. Jews, for example, воліли to lodge in Іст-Енд і, but their descendants gradually moved in suburb. Irish are disseminated today on all city. Indians lived basically in an internal part of London, especially in Брикстон і, communities of Asians gravitate to area Іст-Енда and the western suburb, especially around airport H_trou.
